Eksperimen Laboratorium Mekanisme Gerakan Material Vulkanik pada Berbagai Kemiringan Lereng, Intensitas Hujan, dan Ketebalan Abu Vulkanik

Main Article Content

F. Tata Yunita
Indratmo Soekarno
Joko Nugroho
Untung Budi Santosa

Abstract

Perubahan iklim berdampak pada peningkatan intensitas dan frekuensi cuaca ekstrim dan menyebabkan potensi kejadian banjir lahar pasca erupsi semakin tinggi. Fokus penelitian terkait banjir lahar umumnya lebih mengamati fenomena banjir yang terjadi di alur sungai, sementara penelitian terkait mekanisme gerakan material vulkanik di lereng masih sangat terbatas. Pengamatan proses pembentukan aliran lahar di lereng puncak menjadi tantangan karena kondisi medan yang sulit dan berbahaya. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini observasi dan pengukuran mekanisme gerakan material vulkanik lereng dilakukan dengan eksperimental model fisik skala laboratorium. Eksperimen berupa demonstrasi plot (demplot) lereng yang tertutup material vulkanik (abu vulkanik gradasi <2 mm) dilakukan dalam 36 set percobaan dengan beberapa variasi kemiringan lereng (80, 150, 200, 250), intensitas hujan (45-120 mm/jam) dan ketebalan abu vulkanik (0 cm, 1 cm, 2,5 cm, 5 cm), dimana durasi percobaan maksimal 2 jam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme pergerakan material vulkanik di lereng terjadi dalam 2 mekanisme, yaitu longsor dan erosi. Mekanisme longsor terjadi secara rotasional pada intensitas hujan antara 55-80 mm/jam, dimana pergerakan material dipicu oleh terganggunya stabilitas lereng akibat erosi di kaki lereng dan/atau meningkatnya tegangan air pori dan bobot lapisan tanah akibat infiltrasi. Mekanisme erosi diawali dengan terbentuknya galur-galur akibat adanya aliran permukaan setelah lapisan abu vulkanik di permukaan lereng jenuh, dimana intensitas hujan pemicu umumnya >80 mm/jam. Longsor tidak terjadi pada kemiringan lereng 80, sedangkan erosi dapat terjadi pada semua variasi kemiringan lereng. Lapisan abu vulkanik terbukti menghambat infiltrasi sehingga meningkatkan potensi terjadinya aliran permukaan dan erosi.

Article Details

How to Cite
Yunita, F. T., Soekarno, I., Nugroho, J., & Santosa, U. B. (2023). Eksperimen Laboratorium Mekanisme Gerakan Material Vulkanik pada Berbagai Kemiringan Lereng, Intensitas Hujan, dan Ketebalan Abu Vulkanik. Jurnal Teknik Sumber Daya Air, 3(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.56860/jtsda.v3i1.48
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Articles
Author Biographies

Indratmo Soekarno, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Indratmo Soekarno is currently a Professor of Water Resources Engineering at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia. He gained his Master and Ph.D. Degree from the University of Strathclyde, the United Kingdom in 1988 and 1991. From 2019 he served as Director of the Public Works Polytechnic in Semarang, Indonesia. His expertise is in water resources engineering, especially watershed management, irrigation system, and sediment control.

Joko Nugroho, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Joko Nugroho is currently a Lecturer of Water Resources Engineering at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia. He completed his Master's program in Water Resources Engineering at Bandung Institute of Technology in 2000. He gained his Ph.D. Degree from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, in 2005. His expertise is in water resources engineering, especially hydrology, hydraulic, and sediment transport modeling.

Untung Budi Santosa, HATHI, Praktisi dan Assesor Keahlian Bidang Teknik Hidraulika SDA

Untung Budi Santosa is currently an Assessor in the field of hydraulic engineering expertise at the Indonesian Association of Hydraulics Engineers. He gained his Master and Doctor Degree from Kyoto University. He served as the Head of Citanduy River Basin Unit, Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing from 2013 until 2015. His expertise is in water resources engineering, especially hydraulic and sediment control engineering.

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