Penilaian Debit Lingkungan Berbasis Pendekatan Hidrologi pada DAS Citarum Hulu
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Abstract
Di Indonesia, kawasan Sungai Citarum mengalami tantangan lingkungan yang cukup signifikan, antara lain meluapnya Sungai Citarum dan daerah aliran sungainya yang menyebabkan banjir, dan kekurangan air pada musim kemarau. Namun, tantangan utama adalah ketersediaan air di Citarum, karena debit yang mempengaruhi keseimbangan ekologi Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS). Penelitian ini mengkaji beberapa metode penilaian debit lingkungan dengan pendekatan berbasis hidrologi diantaranya Tennant, Range of Variability Approach (RVA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya aliran lingkungan (EF) yang diperlukan untuk menopang fungsi sungai dalam mendukung keseimbangan ekologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa metode penilaian aliran lingkungan berbasis hidrologi merupakan langkah pertama yang diperlukan dalam perencanaan alokasi debit untuk perlindungan lingkungan. Ditunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fitur-fitur pelengkap dari teknik penilaian aliran lingkungan yang ada dapat digunakan untuk mencapai perkiraan aliran lingkungan yang dapat dibenarkan, bahkan dalam kondisi keterbatasan informasi terkait hubungan ekologi-hidrologi spesifik pada DAS Citarum. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mempromosikan perlunya perencanaan alokasi debit lingkungan dalam pengembangan DAS dan dapat dirumuskan ke dalam kebijakan nasional yang relevan. Kajian EF dilakukan dengan membandingkan 7Q10 dan Q95 dari kedua data pengamatan debit Nanjung dan pemodelan curah hujan-limpasan. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa metode Weibull minima, hasil 7Q10 untuk pemodelan Sacramento, adalah 2,18 m3/s sedangkan AWLR Nanjung adalah 1,24 m3/s. Selain itu, nilai Q95 untuk Nanjung AWLR adalah 6,55 m3/s sedangkan hasil pemodelan curah hujan limpasan Sacramento adalah 7,06 m3/s. Besaran debit yang tersedia perlu dipastikan dapat mendukung kondisi ekologi di wilayah DAS Citarum Hulu. Hal ini relevan karena perbedaan tersebut tentunya mempengaruhi keseimbangan ekologi dan pengelolaan Sungai Citarum.
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